主题
金融
问题
外国直接投资实际流向了哪里？
按经济体和年份的外国直接投资净流入占 GDP 比重。
谁在积累对外盈余，又是谁为之融资？
经常账户余额占 GDP 比重及其对应的镜像方。
谁欠了多少外债，又是否负担得起？
以国民收入衡量的外债，以及以必须为之买单的出口衡量的偿债负担。
Why do central banks hold so many dollars, and what are they insuring against?
Das, Gopinath, Hall, Kim and Stein document across 56 countries that central bank dollar reserve holdings correlate with how...
Mitali Das et al. (2026) · IMF Working Paper
What happens to a country's creditworthiness when some of its debts are secret?
Alfaro and Kanczuk address the rise of non-Paris Club lending, notably from China, to low- and middle-income countries. Unlike...
Laura Alfaro, Fabio Kanczuk (2023) · AEA Papers and Proceedings 112
Do foreign-owned firms report less profit than identical domestic ones?
Bilicka uses confidential UK corporate tax return data and finds foreign multinational subsidiaries report taxable profits...
Katarzyna Anna Bilicka (2019) · American Economic Review 109(8)
Do capital flows around the world move to their own rhythm, or to one set in Washington?
Miranda-Agrippino and Rey document the Global Financial Cycle: risky asset prices, intermediary leverage, credit growth and...
Silvia Miranda-Agrippino, Hélène Rey (2020) · AEA Papers and Proceedings 110
Who ends up paying when a bank's foreign income is taxed twice?
Huizinga, Voget and Wagner examine banks across 38 countries from 1998 to 2008. International double taxation of...
Harry Huizinga, Johannes Voget, Wolf Wagner (2014) · American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 6(2)
Why is it so hard for a middle-income country to tax the multinationals operating inside it?
Bustos, Pomeranz, Vila-Belda and Zucman use Chile as a case study of a general problem. Multinationals account for a large...
Sebastián Bustos et al. (2019) · AEA Papers and Proceedings 109
Do firms shade the prices on their own invoices to move profit across a border?
Cristea and Nguyen use Danish export transactions from 1999 to 2006, identifying from the moment a firm acquires a foreign...
Anca D. Cristea, Daniel X. Nguyen (2016) · American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 8(3)
If profits are booked in the wrong country, which national statistics are wrong?
Guvenen, Mataloni, Rassier and Ruhl show that profit shifting does not merely move tax revenue — it corrupts headline measures...
Fatih Guvenen et al. (2022) · American Economic Review
Can receiving too much foreign capital make a rich country grow more slowly?
Benigno, Fornaro and Wolf connect two facts about the United States since the late 1990s: large capital inflows from...
Gianluca Benigno, Luca Fornaro, Martin Wolf (2024) · Journal of Political Economy
Why do careful estimates of profit shifting differ by an order of magnitude?
Dharmapala reviews the measurement of profit shifting and finds the divergence between microeconomic estimates from firm data...
Dhammika Dharmapala (2019) · AEA Papers and Proceedings 109
Do taxes push foreign investment away, and does it depend on what the investment is for?
Herger decomposes cross-border mergers — the dominant form of FDI — into horizontal and vertical strategies over 1999 to 2010,...
Nils Herger (2016) · International Tax and Public Finance
If a firm books a sale in a tax haven while the goods are sold somewhere else, what does that look like in the statistics?
Laffitte and Toubal show that US multinationals record sales, and the profit on those sales, in tax havens while the goods and...
Sébastien Laffitte, Farid Toubal (2022) · American Economic Journal: Economic Policy
数据集
中央银行政策利率
来自国际清算银行的 40 家中央银行月末政策利率。这是最具可比性的货币序列：每家央行都设定政策利率，而 BIS 将其置于同一口径之下。
IMF-CDIS-CPIS直接投资头寸：谁持有什么，以及资金来自哪里
按交易对手经济体划分的对内与对外直接投资头寸。相当于贸易矩阵的金融版：对每个报告国而言，它在各伙伴持有多少投资，各伙伴又在它境内持有多少。
WB外债：各国对外欠款，以及偿债的代价
以美元和占国民收入比重表示的外债存量、公共担保部分、短期债务，以及以出口占比衡量的偿债总额——决定债务是否可负担的比率。
WB对外状况：经常账户、外国直接投资与 GDP
经常账户余额与外国直接投资净流入占 GDP 比重，并以现价美元 GDP 和购买力平价人均 GDP 作为规模变量。
WB世界发展指标：外债（第 1 部分，共 2 部分）
关于“外债”的 30 项世界发展指标，年度数据，世界银行有数据时自 1960 年起，涵盖所有报告经济体和汇总组。包括：Use of IMF credit (DOD, current US$); External debt stocks, long-term (DOD, current...
WB世界发展指标：外债（第 2 部分，共 2 部分）
关于“外债”的 13 项世界发展指标，年度数据，世界银行有数据时自 1960 年起，涵盖所有报告经济体和汇总组。包括：Net official flows from UN agencies, UNCTAD (current US$); Net official flows from UN...
WB世界发展指标：金融部门（第 1 部分，共 3 部分）
关于“金融部门”的 30 项世界发展指标，年度数据，世界银行有数据时自 1960 年起，涵盖所有报告经济体和汇总组。包括：S&P Global Equity Indices (annual % change); Market capitalization of listed domestic...
WB世界发展指标：金融部门（第 2 部分，共 3 部分）
关于“金融部门”的 30 项世界发展指标，年度数据，世界银行有数据时自 1960 年起，涵盖所有报告经济体和汇总组。包括：Deposit interest rate (%); Lending interest rate (%); Interest rate spread (lending...
WB世界发展指标：金融部门（第 3 部分，共 3 部分）
关于“金融部门”的 4 项世界发展指标，年度数据，世界银行有数据时自 1960 年起，涵盖所有报告经济体和汇总组。包括：Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of asylum; Refugees...